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The microscopic kinetic theory of matter is the starting point that can be used to help explain so much of what we observe in our macroscopic everyday life. To begin with, it can explain the different properties of solids, liquids and gases.
Macroscopic understanding of temperature
- Celsius scale of the temperature
A temperature scale needs two fixed points. For the Celsius scale, these are the freezing point and the boiling point of pure water (under specified conditions). An instrument for measuring temperature, a thermometer, can then calibrated by marking these two points as 0 °C and 100 °C, and then dividing the interval between them into one hundred equal divisions. Higher and lower
temperatures can then be determined by extrapolation.
- Kelvin scale of temperature
The choice of the two fixed points on the Celsius scale is arbitrary and mainly for convenience. However, there is a more logical scale – the Kelvin scale – that is widely used in science, but in everyday life, people around the world have become used to the Celsius scale (and Fahrenheit scale).
There is a temperature at which the kinetic energy of all particles reduces to (almost) zero. This is known as absolute zero and it is discussed in more detail in Topic B.3. On the Celsius scale absolute zero has the value of –273.15 °C. This temperature is the lower fixed point, zero, of the
Kelvin temperature scale, which is sometimes described as the absolute temperature scale.
- Author:Levi
- URL:null/article/a8ac6841-ae83-4ea3-93c3-acb91a544996
- Copyright:All articles in this blog, except for special statements, adopt BY-NC-SA agreement. Please indicate the source!
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